Nheyo yekutanga yekufananidza impedance
1. pure resistance circuit
Muchikoro chesekondari chefizikiki, magetsi akataurira dambudziko rakadaro: kushorwa kweR midziyo yemagetsi, yakabatanidzwa kune simba remagetsi reE, mukati mekudzivirira r bhatiri pack, pasi pemamiriro api simba rinobuda remagetsi ndiro guru?Kana kupikisa kwekunze kwakaenzana nekupikiswa kwemukati, simba rekubuda kwemagetsi kune rekunze redunhu ndiro rakakura, iro rinongove rinopesana redunhu simba rinoenderana.Kana yakatsiviwa ne AC circuit, iyo yakafanana inofanirawo kusangana nemamiriro eR = r circuit kuti ienderane.
2. reactance circuit
Impedance circuit yakanyanya kuoma kupfuura iyo yakachena yekudzivirira dunhu, kunze kwekupokana mudunhu kune capacitors uye inductors.Zvikamu, uye shanda mune yakaderera-frequency kana yakakwira-frequency AC maseketi.Muma AC circuits, kuramba, capacitance uye inductance yealternating current obstruction inonzi impedance, inoratidzwa netsamba Z. Pakati peizvi, kukanganisa kunokonzera capacitance uye inductance pane alternating current inonzi capacitive reactance uye uye inductive reactance uye maererano.Kukosha kwe capacitive reactance uye inductive reactance inoenderana nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwezvino kunoshandiswa mukuwedzera kune hukuru hwe capacitance uye inductance pachayo.Zvakakosha kuziva kuti, mune reactance circuit, kukosha kwekupikisa R, inductive reactance uye capacitive reactance kaviri haigoni kuwedzerwa nearithmetic iri nyore, asi inowanzoshandiswa impedance triangulation nzira kuverenga.Saka, iyo impedance yedunhu kuti iwane kuenzanirana pane kungoita resistive maseketi kuti awedzere kuomarara, kuwedzera kune yekupinza uye kubuda maseketi mune inopikisa chikamu zvinodiwa zvakaenzana, asi inodawo reactance chikamu chehukuru hwakaenzana uye chiratidzo chezvinopesana (conjugate matching. );kana resistive component uye reactance components zvakaenzana (non-reflective matching).Pano zvinoreva reactance X, kureva, inductive XL uye capacitive reactance XC musiyano (chete yemasekete akatevedzana, kana parallel wedunhu iri kunetsa kuverenga).Kusangana nemamiriro ari pamusoro anonzi impedance matching, mutoro unogona kuwana simba guru.
Kiyi yekufananidza impedance ndiyo inobuda impedance yenhanho yekumberi yakaenzana neiyo impedance yekupinza yekumashure nhanho.Iyo yekupinza impedance uye yekubuda impedance inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaseketi emagetsi pamatanho ese, ese marudzi ekuyeresa zviridzwa uye ese marudzi emagetsi ezvikamu.Saka chii chinonzi impedance yekupinza uye kubuda impedance?Iyo yekupinza impedance ndiyo impedance yedunhu kune iyo chiratidzo sosi.Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3 amplifier, iyo impedance yekupinza ndeyekubvisa chiratidzo cheE uye yemukati kuramba r, kubva kuAB inopera ichienda kune yakaenzana impedance.Kukosha kwayo ndeye Z = UI / I1, ndiko kuti, chiyero cheiyo voltage yekupinza uye yekupinda ikozvino.Nokuda kwechiratidzo chechiratidzo, amplifier inova mutoro wayo.Nenhamba, iyo yakaenzana mutoro kukosha kweiyo amplifier kukosha kweiyo impedance yekupinza.Saizi yekupinza impedance haina kufanana kune akasiyana maseketi.
Semuenzaniso, iyo yakakwira iyo impedance yekupinza (inonzi voltage senitivity) yevoltage block yemultimeter, idiki iyo shunt padunhu iri mukuedzwa uye diki kukanganisa kuyerwa.Iyo yakaderera iyo impedance yekupinza yeazvino block, idiki kupatsanurwa kwevoltage kudunhu riri pasi pekuyedzwa, uye nekudaro kudiki kwekuyerwa kukanganisa.Kune magetsi amplifiers, kana iyo inobuda impedance yechiratidzo sosi yakaenzana neiyo impedance yekupinza yeamplifier wedunhu, inonzi impedance matching, uye ipapo amplifier wedunhu anogona kuwana iyo yakanyanya simba pane inobuda.Output impedance ndiyo impedance yedunhu rinopesana nemutoro.Sezviri muMufananidzo 4, simba rekupa rutivi rwekupinza rwedunhu rakapfupika-rinotenderera, rutivi rwakabuda rwemutoro runobviswa, iyo yakaenzana impedance kubva kudivi rekubuda kweCD inonzi yakabuda impedance.Kana iyo impedance yemutoro isina kuenzana neinobuda impedance, inonzi impedance mismatch, mutoro haugone kuwana iyo yakanyanya simba kubuda.Chiyero chekubuda kwevoltage U2 uye inobuda ikozvino I2 inonzi inobuda impedance.Saizi yekubuda impedance inoenderana nematunhu akasiyana ane akasiyana zvinodiwa.
Semuenzaniso, voltage sosi inoda yakaderera kuburitsa impedance, nepo ikozvino sosi inoda yakakwira kubuda impedance.Kune amplifier wedunhu, kukosha kweiyo inobuda impedance inoratidza kugona kwayo kutakura mutoro.Kazhinji, diki inobuda impedance inokonzeresa yakakura kutakura mutoro.Kana iyo inobuda impedance isingakwanise kuenzaniswa nemutoro, transformer kana network wedunhu inogona kuwedzerwa kuti iwane mutambo.Semuenzaniso, transistor amplifier inowanzobatanidzwa kune inobuda transformer pakati peamplifier nemukurukuri, uye iyo impedance yekubuda yeamplifier inofananidzwa neiyo yekutanga impedance yeshanduko, uye yechipiri impedance yetransformer inofananidzwa neiyo impedance. mukurukuri.Iyo yechipiri impedance ye transformer inofananidzwa neiyo impedance yegudzanzwi.Iyo transformer inoshandura iyo impedance ratio kuburikidza neinotendeuka reshiyo yekutanga uye yechipiri windings.Mumasekete chaiwo emagetsi, anowanzosangana nechiratidzo tsime uye amplifier redunhu kana amplifier redunhu uye mutoro impedance haina kuenzana nemamiriro ezvinhu, saka havagone kubatana zvakananga.Mhinduro ndeyekuwedzera dunhu rinoenderana kana network pakati pavo.Chekupedzisira, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti impedance yekufananidza inongoshanda kune emagetsi maseketi.Nekuti simba rezvikwangwani zvinofambiswa mumaseketi emagetsi harina kusimba, kuenzanisa kunodiwa kuwedzera simba rekubuda.Mumaseketi emagetsi, kufananidza hakuwanzo kutariswa, sezvo zvichigona kutungamira kune yakawandisa kubuda ikozvino uye kukuvadza kune mudziyo.
Kushandiswa kweImpedance Matching
Kune general high-frequency masiginecha, senge wachi, masaini mabhazi, uye anosvika mazana akati wandei megabytes eDDR masaini, nezvimwewo, general mudziyo transceiver inductive uye capacitive impedance idiki, inopokana (kureva, chikamu chaicho iyo impedance) inogona kufuratirwa, uye panguva ino, impedance yekufananidza inongoda kufunga nezve chaiyo chikamu cheiyo inogona kuva.
Mundima yeredhiyo frequency, zvishandiso zvakawanda senge antennas, amplifiers, nezvimwewo, yekupinza kwayo uye kubuda kwayo impedance haisi yechokwadi (kwete kupikisa kwakachena), uye chikamu chayo chekufungidzira (capacitive kana inductive) yakakura zvekuti haigone kufuratirwa. , saka isu tinofanirwa kushandisa iyo conjugate yekufananidza nzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-17-2023