PCB dhizaini maitiro

Iyo yakajairika PCB yekutanga dhizaini maitiro ndeaya anotevera:

Kufanogadzirira → PCB chimiro dhizaini → gwara retiweki tafura → kugadzika mutemo → PCB dhizaini → wiring → wiring optimization uye screen kudhinda → network neDRC cheki uye cheki cheki → kuburitsa mwenje wependi → kupenya pendi wongororo → PCB bhodhi kugadzira / sampling ruzivo → PCB bhodhi fekitori engineering EQ simbiso → SMD ruzivo kuburitsa → kupedzwa kweprojekiti.

1: Kufanogadzirira

Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirira kwepasuru raibhurari uye schematic.Pamberi pePCB dhizaini, tanga wagadzirira schematic SCH logic package uye PCB package raibhurari.Pakeji raibhurari inogona PADS inouya neraibhurari, asi kazhinji zvakaoma kuwana iyo chaiyo, zvakanakisa kugadzira yako pasuru raibhurari zvichienderana neyakajairwa saizi ruzivo rwechishandiso chakasarudzwa.Mumusimboti, tanga waita PCB package raibhurari, wozoita iyo SCH logic package.PCB package raibhurari iri kudiwa zvakanyanya, inobata zvakananga kuiswa kwebhodhi;SCH logic package zvinodiwa zvakasununguka, chero iwe uchiteerera kune tsananguro yezvakanaka pini zvivakwa uye tsamba nePCB package pamutsara.PS: teerera kune yakajairwa raibhurari yemapini akavanzika.Mushure meiyo dhizaini yechirongwa, yakagadzirira kutanga kuita PCB dhizaini.

2: PCB chimiro dhizaini

Iyi nhanho inoenderana nehukuru hwebhodhi uye mekiniki yekumisikidzwa yakatemerwa, iyo PCB dhizaini nharaunda yekudhirowa iyo PCB bhodhi pamusoro, uye yekumisikidza zvinodiwa pakuiswa kwezvinosungirirwa zvinobatanidza, makiyi / switch, screw maburi, maburi egungano, nezvimwe. Uye nyatso funga uye sarudza nzvimbo ye wiring uye isiri-wiring nzvimbo (yakadai seyakawanda yakatenderedza gomba rekukona ndeyenzvimbo isiri-wiring).

3: Tungamira mambure

Zvinokurudzirwa kupinza bhodhi frame usati wapinza netlist.Ngenisa DXF fomati yebhodhi furemu kana emn fomati yebhodhi furemu.

4: Kugadza mitemo

Zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo PCB dhizaini inogona kumisikidzwa mutemo unonzwisisika, isu tiri kutaura nezve iyo mitemo ndeye PADS constraint maneja, kuburikidza neanomanikidza maneja mune chero chikamu chegadziriro yekugadzira mutsara upamhi uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo zvipingamupinyi, haina kusangana nezvipingamupinyi. yekuzoonekwa kweDRC, ichaiswa mareti eDRC.

Mutengo wepamusoro unoiswa pamberi pekugadzirisa nokuti dzimwe nguva rimwe basa rekufanout rinofanira kupedzwa panguva yekugadzirwa, saka mitemo inofanira kuiswa pamberi pe fanout, uye kana chirongwa chekugadzira chiri chikuru, dhizaini inogona kupedzwa zvakanyanya.

Cherechedza: Mitemo yakagadzirirwa kupedzisa dhizaini zviri nani uye nekukurumidza, nemamwe mazwi, kufambisa mugadziri.

Zvirongwa zvenguva dzose ndizvo.

1. Default line width/line spacing for common signals.

2. Sarudza uye isa pamusoro-gomba

3. Mutsara wehupamhi uye zvigadziro zvemavara kune zvakakosha zviratidzo uye magetsi.

4. bhodhi layer zvirongwa.

5: PCB marongerwo

General marongerwo maererano nemisimboti inotevera.

(1) Zvinoenderana nemagetsi emagetsi echikamu chinonzwisisika, chinowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita: dhijitari yedunhu nharaunda (kureva, kutya kupindira, asi zvakare kuburitsa kupindira), analog yedunhu nzvimbo (kutya kupindira), simba dhiraivha nzvimbo (kupindira masosi. )

(2) kupedzisa basa rakafanana redunhu, rinofanira kuiswa padhuze sezvinobvira, uye gadzirisa zvikamu kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatana kwakanyanya;panguva imwe chete, gadzirisa nzvimbo yakaenzana pakati pezvivharo zvekushanda kuti uite hukama hwakanyanya pakati pezvivharo zvekushanda.

(3) Nokuda kwehuwandu hwezvikamu zvinofanira kufungisisa nzvimbo yekuisa uye simba rekuisa;zvikamu zvinopisa zvinopisa zvinofanirwa kuiswa zvakasiyana kubva kune zvinopisa-sensitive components, uye thermal convection zviyero zvinofanira kufungwa kana zvichidiwa.

(4) I / O zvigadziriso zvemutyairi zviri padyo sezvinobvira kudivi rebhodhi rakadhindwa, padhuze neinotungamira-mukubatanidza.

(5) jenareta yewachi (yakadai se: crystal kana wachi oscillator) kuti ive pedyo sezvinobvira kune mudziyo unoshandiswa pawachi.

(6) munharaunda imwe neimwe yakabatanidzwa pakati pepini yekupinza simba uye pasi, unoda kuwedzera decoupling capacitor (kazhinji uchishandisa high-frequency performance ye monolithic capacitor);bhodhi nzvimbo yakaoma, iwe unogona zvakare kuwedzera tantalum capacitor yakatenderedza akati wandei akabatanidzwa maseketi.

(7) iyo relay coil yekuwedzera diode yekuburitsa (1N4148 inogona).

(8) marongerwo anodiwa kuti ave pakati nepakati, akarongeka, kwete musoro unorema kana singi.

Kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa pakuiswa kwezvikamu, isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezvehukuru chaihwo hwezvikamu (nzvimbo uye kureba kwakagarwa), chinzvimbo chehukama pakati pezvikamu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwemagetsi ebhodhi uye kugona uye nyore kugadzirwa uye kuiswa panguva imwe chete, kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti misimboti iri pamusoro inogona kuratidzwa muchimiro chekugadzirisa kwakakodzera pakuiswa kwechigadzirwa, kuitira kuti chive chakatsvinda uye chakanaka, senge mudziyo umwechete kuti uiswe zvakanaka, kutungamira kwakafanana.Haikwanise kuiswa mu "yakadzama".

Iyi nhanho inobatana nemufananidzo wakazara webhodhi uye kuoma kweiyo wiring inotevera, saka kuedza kudiki kunofanirwa kuiswa mukufunga.Paunenge uchiisa bhodhi, iwe unogona kuita yekutanga wiring kune nzvimbo dzisina chokwadi, uye uzvifungire zvizere.

6: Wiring

Wiring ndiyo inonyanya kukosha maitiro mune yese PCB dhizaini.Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuita kwePCB board yakanaka kana yakaipa.Mukugadzira maitiro ePCB, wiring kazhinji ine nzvimbo nhatu dzekuparadzanisa.

Chekutanga jira kuburikidza, rinova ndiro rinonyanya kudiwa paPCB dhizaini.Kana mitsetse isina kuiswa, kuitira kuti kwose kwose kune mutsara unobhururuka, inenge iri pasi pebhodhi, sekutaura, haisati yatangwa.

Chinotevera ndechekuita kwemagetsi kusangana.Ichi chiyero chekuti akadhindwa redunhu bhodhi anokodzera zviyero.Iyi ndiyo mushure memucheka kuburikidza, nyatsogadzirisa wiring, kuitira kuti igone kuwana zvakanakisisa kushanda kwemagetsi.

Zvadaro kunouya aesthetics.Kana jira rako rewaya richipfuura, hapana chinokanganisa kushanda kwemagetsi kwenzvimbo, asi kutarisa panguva yakapfuura kusagadzikana, pamwe neruvara, maruva, kuti kunyangwe kuita kwako kwemagetsi kwakanaka sei, mumaziso evamwe kana chidimbu chemarara. .Izvi zvinounza kusagadzikana kukuru pakuyedzwa nekugadzirisa.Iyo wiring inofanirwa kuve yakatsvinda uye yakarongeka, kwete crisscrossed pasina mitemo.Izvi ndezvekuona kushanda kwemagetsi uye kusangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa nemunhu kuti aite nyaya yacho, zvikasadaro ndiko kuisa ngoro pamberi pebhiza.

Wiring maererano nemitemo inotevera.

(1) Kazhinji, yekutanga inofanira kusungirirwa kune simba uye mitsara yepasi kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwemagetsi kwebhodhi.Mukati memiganhu yemamiriro ezvinhu, edza kuwedzera simba remagetsi, upamhi hwemutsara wepasi, zvichida wakafara kudarika tambo yemagetsi, hukama hwavo ndeiyi: mutsara wepasi> tambo yemagetsi> mutsara wechiratidzo, kazhinji mutsara wemutsara wechiratidzo: 0.2 ~ 0.3mm (inenge 8-12mil), iyo thinnest yakafara kusvika 0.05 ~ 0.07mm (2-3mil), tambo yemagetsi inowanzoita 1.2 ~ 2.5mm (50-100mil).100mil).Iyo PCB yemaseketi edhijitari inogona kushandiswa kugadzira dunhu rewaya yakafara pasi, ndiko kuti, kugadzira network yepasi yekushandisa (analogi yedunhu haigone kushandiswa nenzira iyi).

(2) pre-wiring yezvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zvemutsara (senge mitsetse yakakwira-frequency), iyo yekupinza uye yekubuda mitsara yedivi inofanirwa kudziviswa padhuze nekuenderana, kuti isaburitse inoratidzira kupindira.Kana zvichidikanwa, kuparadzaniswa kwepasi kunofanira kuwedzerwa, uye wiring yezvikamu zviviri zvakatarisana zvinofanira kuva perpendicular kune imwe neimwe, yakaenzana kuti ibudise nyore parasitic coupling.

(3) oscillator shell grounding, mutsara wewachi unofanirwa kuva wakapfupika sezvinobvira, uye haugoni kutungamirirwa kwese.Clock oscillation circuit pazasi, yakakosha high-speed logic circuit part kuti iwedzere nzvimbo yepasi, uye haifanirwe kuenda mamwe masign mitsara kuita kuti nzvimbo yemagetsi yakatenderedza iite zero;.

(4) sezvinobvira kushandisa 45 ° kupeta wiring, usashandise 90 ° peta, kuti uderedze mwaranzi yeakakwira-frequency masaini;(zvakakwirira zvinodiwa zvemutsara zvakare shandisa kaviri arc mutsara)

(5) chero mitsetse yechiratidzo haigadziri zvishwe, zvakadai sezvisingadzivisiki, zvishwe zvinofanira kuva zviduku sezvinobvira;mitsetse yezviratidzo inofanira kuva nemaburi mashoma sezvinobvira.

(6) mutsara wakakosha seupfupi uye wakakora sezvinobvira, uye kumativi ose ane nzvimbo yekudzivirira.

(7) kuburikidza neiyo flat tambo kufambisa kwemasaini anonzwisisika uye ruzha munda bhendi chiratidzo, kushandisa iyo "pasi - chiratidzo - pasi" nzira yekubuda.

(8) Masiginecha akakosha anofanirwa kuchengeterwa bvunzo mapoinzi kufambisa kugadzirwa uye kugadzirisa kuyedzwa

(9) Mushure mekunge wiring yekugadzira yapera, wiring inofanira kugadziriswa;panguva imwecheteyo, mushure mekutanga network cheki uye DRC cheki yakarurama, nzvimbo isina tambo yekuzadza pasi, ine nzvimbo yakakura yemhangura yemhangura yevhu, mubhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa harishandiswi panzvimbo yakabatanidzwa pasi sezvo. pasi.Kana kuti gadzira multilayer bhodhi, simba uye pasi imwe neimwe inogara yakatsetseka.

PCB wiring process zvinodiwa (zvinogona kuiswa mumitemo)

(1) Mutsara

Kazhinji, iyo chiratidzo mutsara wakafara we0.3mm (12mil), iyo tambo yemagetsi hupamhi hwe0.77mm (30mil) kana 1.27mm (50mil);pakati pemutsara uye mutsara uye chinhambwe pakati pemutsara uye padhi yakakura kudarika kana yakaenzana ne0.33mm (13mil), iyo chaiyo yekushandisa, mamiriro acho anofanira kutariswa kana chinhambwe chichiwedzerwa.

Wiring density yakakwira, inogona kutariswa (asi isingakurudzirwe) kushandisa IC pini pakati pemitsara miviri, mutsara wakafara we0.254mm (10mil), mutsara wemutsara hausi pasi pe0.254mm (10mil).Muzviitiko zvakakosha, kana mapini emudziyo akaonda uye akatetepa hupamhi, upamhi hwemutsara uye mutsara wemutsara unogona kudzikiswa sezvakakodzera.

(2) Solder pads (PAD)

Solder pad (PAD) uye transition hole (VIA) zvakakosha zvinodiwa ndezvi: dhayamita ye diski kupfuura dhayamita yegomba kuti ive yakakura kudarika 0.6mm;semuenzaniso, general-chinangwa pini resistors, capacitor uye akasanganiswa maseketi, nezvimwewo, uchishandisa dhisiki / gomba saizi 1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), zvigadziko, mapini uye diode 1N4007, nezvimwewo, uchishandisa 1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil).Zvishandiso zvinoshanda, zvinofanirwa kunge zvichibva pahukuru chaihwo hwezvikamu zvekuona, kana zviripo, zvingave zvakakodzera kuwedzera saizi yepadhi.

PCB bhodhi dhizaini chikamu chinokwirisa aperture chinofanira kunge chakakura kupfuura saizi chaiyo yechikamu mapini 0.2 ~ 0.4mm (8-16mil) kana zvakadaro.

(3) pamusoro-gomba (VIA)

Kazhinji 1.27mm/0.7mm (50mil/28mil).

Kana iyo wiring density yakakwira, saizi yepamusoro-gomba inogona kuderedzwa zvakafanira, asi haifanirwe kunge idiki, 1.0mm/0.6mm (40mil/24mil) inogona kutariswa.

(4) Izvo zvinodikanwa zvepakati zvepadhi, mutsetse uye vias

PAD uye VIA : ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

PAD uye PAD: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

PAD uye TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

TRACK uye TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

Pakakwirira densities.

PAD uye VIA : ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

PAD uye PAD : ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

PAD uye TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

TRACK uye TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

7: Wiring optimization uye silkscreen

“Hapana chakanakisisa, asi chiri nani chete”!Hazvina mhosva kuti iwe unochera zvakadini mukugadzirwa, paunopedza kudhirowa, wozoenda kunotarisa, iwe ucharamba uchinzwa kuti nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogona kuchinjwa.Iyo yakajairika dhizaini chiitiko ndechekuti zvinotora kaviri kureba kukwenenzvera wiring sezvazvinoita kuita yekutanga wiring.Mushure mekunzwa kuti hapana nzvimbo yekushandura, unogona kuisa mhangura.Kuisa mhangura kazhinji kuisa pasi (teerera kune kupatsanurwa kweanalogi uye yedhijitari pasi), akawanda-layer board angangoda kuisa simba.Kana iri silkscreen, chenjera kuti usavharwe nemudziyo kana kubviswa nepamusoro-buri uye padhi.Panguva imwecheteyo, dhizaini iri kutarisa yakaenzana padivi rechikamu, izwi riri pazasi dhizaini rinofanira kuitwa girazi rekugadzirisa mufananidzo, kuti usakanganise mwero.

8: Network, DRC cheki uye chimiro chekutarisa

Kunze kwekudhirowa kwechiedza zvisati zvaitika, kazhinji inoda kutarisa, kambani yega yega ichava neyayo Cheki Rondedzero, kusanganisira iyo musimboti, dhizaini, kugadzira uye zvimwe zvinhu zvezvinodiwa.Iyi inotevera sumo kubva kune maviri makuru ekutarisa mabasa akapihwa nesoftware.

9: Output chiedza kupenda

Usati wadhirowa mwenje unobuda, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti veneer ndiyo yazvino vhezheni yapedzwa uye inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.Mafaira ekudhirowa akareruka anoshandiswa kufekitori yebhodhi kugadzira bhodhi, fekitori yestencil kugadzira stencil, fekitori yewelding kugadzira mafaera ekugadzirisa, nezvimwe.

Iwo mafaera akabuda ari (kutora mana-layer board semuenzaniso)

1).Wiring layer: inoreva iyo yakajairwa chiratidzo chiratidzo, kunyanya wiring.

Inonzi L1, L2, L3, L4, apo L inomiririra dandemutande rekurongeka.

2).Silk-screen layer: inoreva iyo dhizaini faira yekugadziriswa kwesirika-yekuongorora ruzivo munhanho, kazhinji iyo yepamusoro uye yepasi maseru ane zvishandiso kana logo kesi, pachave nepamusoro dhizaini silk-yekutarisa uye yepasi layer silk-yekuongorora.

Kupa zita: Iyo yepamusoro denga inonzi SILK_TOP ;chikamu chepasi chakanzi SILK_BOTTOM .

3).Solder resist layer: inoreva dhizaini mune dhizaini faira inopa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa kune yakasvibira mafuta ekuputira.

Kupa zita: Iyo yepamusoro layer inonzi SOLD_TOP;chikamu chepasi chakanzi SOLD_BOTTOM.

4).Stencil layer: inoreva nhanho mune dhizaini faira inopa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa kune solder paste coating.Kazhinji, kana paine zvigadziriso zveSMD pane ese epamusoro nepasi pasi, pachange paine stencil top layer uye stencil bottom layer.

Kupa zita: Iyo yepamusoro layer yakanzi PASTE_TOP ;chikamu chepasi chakanzi PASTE_BOTTOM.

5).Drill layer (ine 2 mafaera, NC DRILL CNC yekuchera faira uye DRILL DRAWING yekudhirowa yekudhirowa)

yakanzi NC DRILL uye DRILL DRAWING zvichiteerana.

10: Chiedza chekudhirowa wongororo

Mushure mekubuda kwekudhirowa kwechiedza kuchiedza kudhirowa ongororo, Cam350 yakavhurika uye pfupi dunhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvecheki isati yatumira kubhodhi fekitori bhodhi, iyo yakazotevera zvakare inofanirwa kutarisisa kune bhodhi engineering uye dambudziko remhinduro.

11: PCB bhodhi ruzivo(Gerber chiedza chekupenda ruzivo + PCB bhodhi zvinodiwa + dhiyabhorosi yegungano)

12: PCB bhodhi fekitori engineering EQ simbiso(board engineering uye dambudziko remhinduro)

13: PCBA yekuisa data kubuda(ruzivo rwestencil, mepu yekuisa nhamba, chikamu chinoronga faira)

Pano kufambiswa kwese kweprojekiti PCB dhizaini kwapera

PCB dhizaini ibasa rakadzama kwazvo, saka dhizaini inofanirwa kungwarira zvakanyanya uye nemoyo murefu, kunyatso funga zvese zvinhu zvezvinhu, kusanganisira dhizaini yekufunga nezve kugadzirwa kwegungano nekugadzirisa, uye gare gare kufambisa kuchengetedza uye dzimwe nyaya.Pamusoro pezvo, dhizaini yemamwe maitiro akanaka ekushanda achaita kuti dhizaini yako iwedzere kunzwisisika, dhizaini inoshanda, kugadzirwa kuri nyore uye kuita zvirinani.Yakanaka dhizaini inoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese, vatengi vanozonyanya kuvimbiswa uye kuvimba.